Depreciation
परिभाषा: Depreciation is the gradual reduction in the book value of a fixed asset (building, furniture, vehicle, equipment) over its useful life, charged each year as an expense.
Assets wear out over time. Instead of counting the whole cost in one year, a part of it is treated as an expense every year — that yearly part is depreciation.
समय के साथ संपत्ति (भवन, फर्नीचर, वाहन, उपकरण) की कीमत घटती है। पूरी लागत एक ही साल में न गिनकर, हर साल उसका एक हिस्सा खर्च माना जाता है — यही मूल्यह्रास है। यह दो तरीक़ों से होता है: सीधी रेखा (SLM) या घटती शेष (WDV)।
Depreciation spreads an asset's cost across its useful life via Straight-Line (SLM) or Written-Down-Value (WDV) method, reducing book value and charging the Income & Expenditure account.
It keeps asset values and profit realistic. Skipping it overstates both assets and surplus; the register and ledger must agree.
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